The Giver Analytical Paper - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1888 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/05/28 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: The Giver Essay Did you like this example? Imagine living in a world designed to be free of conflicts and hunger? When fragments of memories are taken out from oners consciousness, how does one think and feel? When life is devoid of colors, will there be genuine happiness can be drawn out of sheer blandness? What is family when love is strange and is truly undefined? When your destiny is already pre-determined, what else challenges or excites you as the sun sets and rises the next day? What if one doesnt need money for survival- how long will you wish to stay in a pseudo utopian society defined by contentment and conformity? Yet, for Jonas, the one chosen to receive the burden of taking in the collective memories of the populace, itrs how soon can he manage to escape when he begins to discover the dark secrets and painful truth amidst this seemingly ideal society as the Giver â€Å"who is the sole keeper of memory- finally reveals to Jonas the truth that lies beneath the word release which was thought to be a beautif ul journey to Elsewhere. These are few questions that will help examine your conscience as the writer takes us to alternate world defined by contentment and conformity.. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Giver Analytical Paper" essay for you Create order In what seemed to be a utopian community, people live in an orderly calculated manner following certain standards in their day-to-day life â€Å"where every aspect of it follows a community-based rule governed by committee of elders who determine every citizenrs fate including the use of language appropriate for any given situation. After all, this is what they strived for Sameness unity and comfort for every citizen within the society owing to what they perceived that peace can be attained when everyone is equal and the same. The society runs systematically where every one plays a key role pre-assigned to him or her on the basis of oners strength and weakness. Defying the rules or falling short of the given standards will cause a member to be released. â€Å"which actually means Euthansia or mercy killing but is hidden from the publicrs eyes. Precision of language is the required norm for people in the community in their interpersonal relationship so that it functions accordingly. Even in expressing statement of apology, it has to be consistent and in accordance with the standard script. Also, there are accurate words to describe certain level of emotions in Jonas world. Hence, language is paramount that it has become a powerful tool used to advance the societyrs agenda. Its creative manipulation and persuasive character has been too effective to make people believe in something that for them is the absolute truth. This is called Euphemism in English literature. Euphemism is commonly understood as the substitution of a mild, indirect, or vague expression for one thought to be offensive, harsh, or blunt. https://truthandcharityforum.org/deadly-and-deceptive-euphemism/ Ashley Noronha, S.T.L. Ph. D. cand. Part of the process, from birth to release, every member of the society goes through a transitioning phase each year until the age of twelve where a member is given a permanent role in the society deprived of freedom and free will. The members of the single family does not have biological relationship with one another. Thus, the true essence of a family bound by love does not exist unlike in our contemporary society where family plays a crucial role in an ideal society. The Committee of Elders is said to be endowed with wisdom to run the society smoothly following their agenda of achieving peace and equality. To achieve this, they manipulate the minds of the people by letting them take a pill every day that will take away their memory, their capacity to experience pain, to love and to think logically. In short, some aspects of human beingrs natural behavior have been deliberately removed which is riveting unacceptable in the context of todayrs current society. This is a thought â€Å"provoking scenario since in our contemporary society, we all aspire to live in a world where peace and harmony abound but if people are deprived of freedom and human rights it will most likely result in uprising and chaos. Politically speaking, Sameness is akin to Socialist form of government which is still being practiced nowadays by a few countries in the world like North Korea minus the removal of memories that is of course fictional in nature. Just like North Kore a, Sameness society tends to isolate itself from the rest of the world. Meanwhile, in John Lennonrs most controversial song released in 1971 entitled, Imagine the lyrics of the song were strongly scrutinized due to various misinterpretations by people critical to the message of the song. However, Lennon himself had affirmed that the message of the song was nothing but a wishful thinking of a man to live a world where social constructs are removed so that division and war may no longer exist like in the world of Jonas. Since Jonas exhibits the ideal character befitting for a future Giver he has been selected as The Receiver the most honored revered job in the community but arguably carries the heaviest burden. However, when Jonas began to discover the dark secrets of the community revealed to him by the Giver, he was compelled to device an escape plan along with Gabriel, with the help of the Giver. The awakening of Jonas conscience and awareness to the truth, had caught him in the crossroads of making a decision where escape is a must for himself and Gabriel to the outside world that is yet unknown to him, but he had already seen subconsciously during the memory transmission process done by the Giver. Did the thought of saving the community exist in Jonas mind upon escape? What was the place with bright lights he had seen from a distance while going downward ? The answer is up to us to interpret his ultimate fate after that dangerous escape. There are words in every language which people instinctively avoid because they are considered indecent, indelicate, rude, too direct, or impolite. As the offensive referents, for which these words stand, must still be alluded to; they are often described in a roundabout way by using substitute called euphemism. ( Antrushina GB et al, 1985 English Lexicology). Euphemisms! Theyre the worst. Or I should I say theyre a negative outcome benchmark? Euphemistic language is the timeless enemy of anyone concerned with clarity. Straight shooters such as novelist George Orwell and comedian George Carlin have blasted soft, vague language, including Carlinrs classic lament that shellshock devolved into battle fatigue, then operational exhaustion, before finally morphing into the mouthful post-traumatic stress disorder. https://www.bbc.com/capital/story/20170126-the-hidden-danger-of-euphemisms, Mark Peters. So in the community of Jonas, there were plenty of subtle nuances in the use of language in the story so as to make the people believe into something vague and shady. The most intriguing one is the word release in place of death. In his 1946 essay, Politics and the English Language, George Orwell criticizes the language of his day as ugly and inaccurate. He purports that mid 20th century prose was being used so carelessly that it had lost its genuine meaning and had instead become ambiguous and hollow. https://truthandcharityforum.org/deadly-and-deceptive-euphemism/ Ashley Noronha, S.T.L. Ph. D. cand. In the Philippine society, similar with other cultures in the world, the art of euphemism is applied almost in all aspects of the peoplers daily communications in order to soften its potentially dreadful outcome. In Philippine politics for example, former president Benigno Aquino III often used euphemism in his public speeches so that people will be convinced of his ideas. Let alone his campaign slogan, Tuwid na Daan . Ironically, the current President Rodrigo Duterte is not fond of camouflaging his thoughts and ideas hence, he is sometimes misconstrued and lambasted by media for taking his words so literally. From this standpoint, euphemism without critical thinking ability makes people confused and gullible. Words are deeds, wrote the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein. They may often be used not to convey thoughts, but to perform an activity. The term that Wittgenstein coined for this type of activity is: language-game. Accordingly, in trying to understand President Duterters recent statements, it will be more useful to ask what hers doing, rather than what hers saying. https://opinion.inquirer.net/115479/dutertes-language-games The advantage of euphemism however is more pronounced in the aspect of health as it touches human emotions and sensitivity by giving glimmer hopes amid uncertainties. Euphemism could be part of the medical code of ethics among health professionals in treating their patients. This is obvious every time we hear doctors making diagnosis and while explaining to the patient his/her health condition. In the study of human psychology, this is related to the notion that bad news will exacerbate the patientrs condition. This I suppose is a universal practice in the healthcare industry all over the world. However, to illustrate an specific example in the Philippine culture, it is a known fact that people from the upper social class often employ sophisticated medical terminologies in describing their illness just to be able to emphasize their social status. On the other hand, people from the lower class use common terms to describe such similar disease which sounds disgusting or gross and is often associated to being poor. Take the word skin allergy for the rich, while korikong for the poor. Itrs euphemism at its finest! When it comes to personrs age, calling the person matanda or amoy lupa is rude and impolite. Hence, there is a need to sugarcoat them such as; may edad na , or senior citizen . In the case of death, passing away , rest in peace , now in the arms of our Lord are less painful to say than dead. For human bodyrs physiological functions, having period is pleasant to hear rather than saying menstruation , making love for sexual intercourse or not feeling well instead of sick . There are countless of words we use whether consciously or unconsciously in our every day communication purposively. Filipino virtue does not seem to depict one that is straight forward; and interpersonalism and frankness is not quite seen in the general concept and culture of the people. Filipinos are known for their courteous insincerity. Likewise the concern for not hurting the feelings of others is approached by the indirect ways and imprecise vague words. https://davisnaimemason.blogspot.com/2015/12/14-euphemism-in-filipino-language.html Thus, the general response and reaction varies depending on the circumstances, localities, and how it is delivered. There are many different factors to be considered when eliciting response from whom the word is addressed to such as; regional culture, religion, social class, demography, etc. Nevertheless, euphemism greatly influences our perception and judgement. From business to politics, media to religious institution, health and education, in our daily social interaction, the use of powerful linguistic tool is embedded so deeply. But one thing is certain, that when it strikes a nerve in our sensitive being â€Å"that word must be rude. While it remains a fact that language is culture by itself, it is now empowered further by social media impacting our lives in many different ways fueled by technological advancement. Therefore, to be always relevant we should always be on guard on what is new to be able to filter the truth from lies.

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Capitalism Vs. Socialism And Communism - 1175 Words

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string(104) " When AQ feature development will be started and in which release it will developed and delivered 100%\." Additional Questions – Test Strategy Table of Contents 1Purpose3 2About Additional Questions3 3Requirements4 3. 1As-Is and New AQ Features4 AQ As-Is Feature from V14 AQ Additional / Enhanced Feature for V24 ?Create AQ functional Component4 ?AQ FCA linked to Scoring FCA4 ?Create AQ Event by copying an existing event (closed, open, draft archived)4 ? Invite Supplier4 3. 2AQ High Level Functionality and List of User Stories5 Table below gives the mapping of User Stories against the As-Is AQ Functionality5 Table below gives the mapping of User Stories against the New AQ Functionality5 4Additional Questions Development6 . We will write a custom essay sample on Term Papers or any similar topic only for you Order Now 1AQ Feature Development in Releases6 4. 2In Sprint Testing (Blue are new AQ features)6 4. 3System Testing7 4. 4In Sprint Testing Dependencies7 4. 5System Testing Dependencies8 1 Purpose The purpose of this document is to give the overview of the Test Strategy (Approach) for Additional Questions Feature which will be developed and Implemented for V2. This document briefs about AQ functionality and its requirements, the development approach, this document also discuss about the various levels of testing AQ as its being developed the dependencies for testing. About Additional Questions Additional Question is an existing functionality of V1 Accelerate application, hence it’s known as As-Is feature for V2. And also have some additional/enhanced features for V2. This Additional Questions (AQ) is a buyer centric functionality and in V1 AQ is not a common feature which is available for all Buyers. It’s a Bolt-On feature, where a Buyer organisation can opt for this feature by making additional payment. AQ functionality has been developed and implemented in V1 in a way it can be configured for any Buyer Organisation. AQ provides an additional edge to Buyer Organisation where they can ask their intended Questions to a specific set of suppliers of their own interest and short list them upon their response. Using this feature member of a Buyer Organisation, who is having permissions to AQ can create an AQ Event which comprises of a template with questions, and the member can search for suppliers and invite them all or a specific set of suppliers to answer the questions, on or before a dead line date set for the particular AQ event by the member. Buyer user can create AQ Events and save it for feature purpose, existing AQ event can be used by some other Buyer Organisation member and the member can use it as it is or can do some changes before inviting the suppliers. Even the invited AQ events can be reused. Buyer User will be able to add or remove questions to an AQ event. A. Q summary is the last stage of draft event in which the user can preview the whole event and also review it before sending it to the supplier users. Supplier needs to respond to AQ and buyer will rate supplier according. Scoring engine will help AQ to rate Supplier. AQ product needs to be configured by C3 user with all required features. AQ will be added as a component which will be inherited by child product (community). * 3 Requirements Requirements developed as User Stories and reviewed by Products Services team and approved. Both the existing features (As-Is) and the new V2 specific additional / enhanced features are also covered in user stories. The below table will give the bifurcation of Existing and New features of Additional Questions. . 1 As-Is and New AQ Features * AQ As-Is Feature from V1| * AQ Additional / Enhanced Feature for V2| * Create AQ Template | * Create AQ functional Component| * Create AQ Draft event review of AQ| * AQ FCA linked to Scoring FCA| * Create AQ Event using AQ Template| * Permission to C3 User for AQ| * Create AQ Event by copying an existing event (closed, open, draft archived)| * Create use AQ Library * | * Invite Supplier| * Language Support to AQ| AQ view for GBO | * Buyer assigns scoring to AQ Event| * AQ view for Buyer| * Scoring can be manual or automatic * | * AQ view for Supplier| * AQ alert to buyer when Current Date + 7 = End Date| * Modification to AQ Open Event | * Reminder email to supplier who has not responded| * Categorisation of AQ Open Event (Responded, Not Responded, Not Interested)| * Clarification asked by Buyer on AQ supplier response | * AQ Reports| * AQ scoring for each supplier| * | * Comparison of AQ with respect to supplier| * | * Buyer rate email to supplier on AQ Close Event| * 4. 2 AQ High Level Functionality and List of User Stories * Table below gives the mapping of User Stories against the As-Is AQ Functionality Area| Functionality| User Story| GBO| | | | | | | | | Buyer| | | | | | | | | | | | Supplier| | | | | | | | | * Table below gives the mapping of User Stories against the New AQ Functionality Area| Functionality| User Story| GBO | | | | | | | | | Buyer| | | | | | | | | | | | Supplier| | | | | | | | | * 4 V2 Development Strategy 5. 3 Development Approach V2 development is a mix of both Waterfall and Agile development framework. The Development of requirements follows waterfall, where as the actual code development will happen in agile methodology. First all the User Stories will be written, reviewed and signed off by the stake holders. Development will follow the high level milestone plan, which comprises of internal releases and Demo Release. Date| 1/Dec/12| 1/Jan/13| 15/Jan/13| 29/Jan/13| 1/Feb/13| 1/Mar/13| 15/Mar/13| 29/Mar/13| Release| Alpha 0. 1| Alpha 0. 2| Alpha 0. 3| Alpha 1. 0| Alpha 1. 1| Alpha 1. 2| Alpha 1. 3| Alpha 2. 0| Purpose| Internal| Internal| Internal| Board| Internal| Internal| Internal| Board| As mentioned above each and every internal release has multiple Iterations for development and the user stories will be allocated to these iterations for development. Within these iterations all the allocated user stories will be developed and tested In-Sprint Testing. 5. 4 AQ Feature Development in Releases As explained above, AQ as feature to be developed for V2 will also follow the same development methodology, All User Stories belongs to AQ will first written, reviewed and signed off, and then developed in multiple releases in multiple iterations. The table below will give us the picture of AQ Development in Release and Iteration wise. The Main purpose of the below table is to give clear picture of When AQ feature development will be started and in which release it will developed and delivered 100%. You read "Term Papers" in category "Free Term paper samples" Table below will not give the Start and End dates of either each and every release or Iterations, these dates are available with the development team and ion their plan. Release| Iteration| User Story| Functionality / Area| Internal Release Alpha 0. 1| Iteration 1| | | | Iteration 2| | | | Iteration 3| | | Iteration 4| | | Internal Release Alpha 0. 2| Iteration 1| | | | Iteration 2| | | | Iteration 3| | | | Iteration 4| | | Internal Release Alpha 0. 3| Iteration 1| | | | Iteration 2| | | | Iteration 3| | | | Iteration 4| | | Demo Release 1. 0| Iteration 1| | | | Iteration 2| | | | Iteration 3| | | | Iteration 4| | | Internal Release Alpha 1. 1| Iteration 1| | | | Iteratio n 2| | | | Iteration 3| | | | Iteration 4| | | Internal Release Alpha 1. 2| Iteration 1| | | | Iteration 2| | | | Iteration 3| | | | Iteration 4| | | Internal Release Alpha 1. 3| Iteration 1| | | Iteration 2| | | | Iteration 3| | | | Iteration 4| | | Demo Release 2. 0| Iteration 1| | | | Iteration 2| | | | Iteration 3| | | | Iteration 4| | | 5 AQ Test Approach This section describes the test approach for Additional Question by explaining the following. * Testing Scope of Additional Questions * Dependency with other critical V2 functionalities * Integration with Third Party Application Features * Levels of Testing * Test Design Execution * Test Data Requirements * Functional Automation Testing * Non Functional Testing Scope 6. 5 Scope of Additional Questions Additional Question as feature it spread across all the major areas of V2 application, though it’s Buyer centric feature it’s having scope in C3 (Configuration Control Center), GBO (Global Back Office), SCC (Standard Company Concept) Buyer Supplier. End to End Perspective From an end to end perspective the AQ functionality testing needs to be started from C3 (may be configuration of AQ – need additional information to complete it) and then SCC-Buyer can create AQ Events and invite Suppliers and then SCC- Suppliers can respond for AQ events. From GBO-User perspective AQ needs to be tested for AQ Dashboard, AQ Reports, etc†¦ (need additional information to complete this section) Non Functional Perspective – Performance Few AQ Features needs to be tested for Performance * AQ template creation with more Questions * Inviting multiple suppliers * Response time of viewing AQ responses * AQ Report Generation for SCC-Buyer GBO User Multilingual Perspective As Additional Question can be configured for any scheme / community, and we have communities which support more than one language, AQ needs to be tested in all applicable languages. Cross Browser Perspective As Buyer organisation members and Suppliers can use any browser to access the application, Additional Questions features needs to be tested in multiple browser combinations. Community Specific Additional Questions can be configured for specific communities and as we already have few communities effectively using AQ, all such communities needs to be tested thoroughly AQ feature. Supplier Perspective AQ needs to be thoroughly tested with * Newly Registered Suppliers * Migrated Suppliers 6. 6 Additional Questions Dependency with other Features. Additional Questions is one of the feature in V2 application, this feature has some integration / dependency with some other features of V2 application. This section describes the AQ dependency with such other features of V2. This dependency may play a critical role in AQ testing at functional level and at end to end testing, we may have a work around to bypass the dependency, where as some feature must be available to test AQ. AQ Feature| Dependent Feature| Dependency level| When This Feature will be Ready| Do we have Work Around| Work Around| Effectiveness of Work Around| Invite Supplier| Search| Very High| ? ? | | ? | | Email Generation| Very High| ? | ? | | ? | | Existing / Migrated Suppliers| High| ? | ? | | ? | All such dependencies for all AQ features needs to be captured in a separate excel sheet and attached to this document. And the Dependencies needs to be discussed with Development team, as we may need their help for some work around or the feature needs to be developed in a priorit y. This dependency is very critical for test execution. 6. 7 Integration with Third Party Application Features This section needs to be filled in 6. 8 Levels of Testing Additional Questions will be tested at In-Sprint Testing and System Testing, this section describes what will be covered in In-Sprint Testing and System Testing. In-Sprint Testing In-Sprint Testing is part of development, In-Sprint testing team will work along with Development team for Release and Iterations, user stories assigned to iterations is the scope for development and testing, while development teams starts coding In-Sprint testing team starts test design, when the feature is developed and ready for testing, In-Sprint test team will test the feature and give the result. In-Sprint test team covers Unit, Integration, Continuous Integration and Regression Testing. In-Sprint Unit Testing In unit testing, team checks for the following using Checklists * Field Level Validation of all controls * Boundary Value, Equivalence Partitioning * Page Navigation on Links * Messages (information on control validation, Tool Tips, etc†¦ ) * Page Templates, Company Logo, TC’s, Copy Right, etc†¦ * Cross Browser – All UI design needs to be validated with all applicable browser combinations In-Sprint Integration Testing Team test the features developed integrated with preceded and following features of a feature belongs to same module (Group of requirements, belongs to one user story) within the iteration as the features being developed in iterations. And also the integration of group of requirements developed (one User story) with another group of requirements (another User Story) as iteration is having multiple User stories. In-Sprint test team will write functional test cases to test this integration of features. In-Sprint Continuous Integration Testing Team tests the integration of features developed in multiple iterations, as the features developed across multiple iterations of any release are being continuously integrated together. Team may write separate set of integration test cases for this else they will enhance their existing integration test cases to test this, in an another approach team can group set of individual integration test cases and execute them in an order which covers this continuous integration. In-Sprint Regression Testing Test team executes all the test cases which belongs to earlier release for any successive release, this is to ensure that the new release features are not hampering the existing features already developed and tested and also ensures the integration of features in between two successive release is working fine. Table below gives a picture of Unit, Integration, Continuous Integration Regression testing for Releases and Iterations. Release| Iteration| User Story| Feature| Testing| | | | | Unit| Integration| Continuous Integration| Regression| Release 1| Iteration 1| User Story 1| Feature 1| Y| Integration of feature 1+2+3+4| Continuous Integration of User Story 1 + 2+ 3| Release 1 TC’s Regression Suite for Release 2| | | | Feature 2| Y| | | | | | | Feature 3| Y| | | | | | | Feature 4| Y| | | | | | User Story 2| Feature 5| Y| Integration of feature 5+6+7+8| | | | | | Feature 6| Y| | | | | | | Feature 7| Y| | | | | | | Feature 8| Y| | | | | User Story 3| Feature 9| Y| Integration of feature 9+10| | | | | | Feature 10| Y| | | | | Iteration 2| User Story 4| Feature 11| Y| Integration of feature 11+12+13+14| Continuous Integration of User Story 1 + 2+ 3+4+5+6| | | | | Feature 12| Y| | | | | | | Feature 13| Y| | | | | | | Feature 14| Y| | | | | | User Story 5| Feature 15| Y| Integration of feature 15+16+17+18| | | | | | Feature 16| Y| | | | | | | Feature 17| Y| | | | | | | Feature 18| Y| | | | | | User Story 6 | Feature 19| Y| Integration of feature 19+20| | | | | | Feature 20| Y| | | | Release 2| Iteration 3| User Story 7| Feature 21| Y| Y| Y| Release 1 + Release 2 TC’s Regression Suite for Release 3| | | | Feature 22| Y| | | | | | | Feature 23| Y| | | | | | | Feature 24| Y| | | | | | User Story 8| Feature 25| Y| Y| | | | | | Feature 26| Y| | | | | | | Feature 27| Y| | | | | | | Feature 28| Y| | | | | | User Story 9| Feature 29| Y| Y| | | | | | Feature 30| Y| | | | | Iteration 4| User Story 10| Feature 31| Y| Y| Y| | | | | Feature 32| Y| | | | | | | Feature 33| Y| | | | | | | Feature 34| Y| | | | | | User Story 11| Feature 35| Y| Y| | | | | Feature 36| Y| | | | | | | Feature 37| Y| | | | | | | Feature 38| Y| | | | | | User Story 12| Feature 39| Y| Y| | | | | | Feature 40| Y| | | | System Testing System testing will be executed by System Testing team, System test design and execution will be done as End to End level. In System test design we will write Test Scenarios and Prepare Test Data to execute the System Testing. Test Scenarios will cover multiple funct ionalities with all permutation and combination of functionalities to test all possible real time end to end scenarios. System testing will also cover the end to end scenarios for maximum number of suppliers, for example System testing will be executed for inviting 500 suppliers for an AQ event, creating an AQ event with 100 Questions. And to execute the end to end testing for such high volume of suppliers we need support from Automation, because as the V2 application being developed right from the scratch, existing suppliers not available in the system, hence we need to first register for 100 of suppliers, registering 100 of suppliers will require high resource count and it’s practically not possible. And also respond to an AQ event sent for 100 of suppliers it take time and resource, if it needs to be done manually, in such scenario we need Automation script to complete the task. 6. 9 Test Design 6. 10 Test Data Requirements 6. 11 Functional Automation Testing 6. 12 Non Functional Testing Scope How to cite Term Papers, Essays

Spread Spectrum Communication Systems †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Spread Spectrum Communication Systems. Answer: Introduction: Before attempting to pinpoint the reason why spread spectrum transmission is used, there is a need to understand what is spread spectrum. A form of wireless communication, which is spread spectrum. In spread spectrum transmission, the frequency of signal to be transmitted is intentionally varied (Torrieri, 2015). It is done to increase the bandwidth of the signal. Following portion will talk about the reason for the usage of spread spectrum. 1) Cross talk interference is reduced. For systems utilizing spread spectrum, cross talk is greatly reduced because of the processing gain of spread spectrum. Additionally, by the help of digital processing effect of interference associated with suppressed crosstalk can be removed. 2) Voice quality is better for systems using spread spectrum technology. Spread spectrum system is immune towards noise and interferences because of the digital processing nature and processing gain of the spread spectrum. Analog wireless system often experience device induced noise that is static. Spread spectrum technology helps in reducing induced static noises. 3) Systems using spread spectrum technology are less susceptible to multi-path fading. In a spread spectrum system, frequency can be varied and this property leads to less susceptibility towards multi-path fading. 4) The fourth point will clarify about security. A PN sequence is used to modulate signal. Since the nature of PN sequence is pseudo random, the signal is randomized. For the receiver to de-modulate the signal to receive the original one, it needs to have the same pseudo random sequence. Therefore, it is established that systems using spread spectrum technology are more secure than other systems. 5) The fifth point will describe about co existence for spread spectrum. If pseudo random sequences are properly designed, then several spread spectrum systems can co-exist without the fear that it will create interference for other systems. 6) Operating distance is much longer. In t he ISM band where a spread spectrum device is operated it is allowed to have transmission power, which is higher. Operating distance for devices using spread spectrum technology is much longer when compared to an analog device. 7) Spread spectrum signals are much harder to detect. Narrowband transmissions are much less wider than spread spectrum signals. Since the band is much more widespread, low power is required for its transmission. 8) Spread spectrum signals are hard to demodulate. A specific code is required for demodulation of the signal. It is nearly impossible to decipher the signal without knowing the actual code that was used to modulate the signal. This is the reason why deciphering this signal is hard. 9) A spread spectrum signal is harder to jam. Most important property of spread spectrum systems is rejection of interference. Since the system rejects interference, it is harder to jam. This portion will provide a comparison between two methods used for spread spectrum transmission. Frequency hopping and direct sequence of spread spectrum are two most used methods. The way by which data is spread can tell which method was used for spreading the signal. DSSS uses pseudo noise and FHSS uses frequency hopping for modification of the phase of the signal. In frequency hopping, large bandwidth is divided into smaller channels is which data would be fitted in. After this, the signal is sent into a different channel pseudo randomly ("What is frequency-hopping spread spectrum? - Definition from WhatIs.com", 2018). However, there is a particular drawback on using this technique, since only a single channel is used at a given time. Because of this, bandwidth is wasted. DSSS manages to spread the signal by a different manner. Pseudo random noise is introduced to change the phase of the signal (Naden Reiser, 2015). Output closely resembles static noise however during demodulati on the original signal can be extracted if the pseudo random sequence used to modulate the signal is known. A radio system is made up of transmitters and receivers and therefore components will be listed under transmitters and for receivers. Radio transmitters are composed of- Power supply, Oscillator, Modulator, Amplifier and Antenna. Radio receivers are composed of- Antenna, RF amplifier, Tuner, Detector and Audio Amplifier. This section will provide the basic concept of a mixer. Frequency mixer is a type of electrical circuit. Frequency mixers are generally used for creation of new frequencies that helps in the inter connection of two signals. The task of transmitting signal from one frequency range to the other is critical for radio systems (Wada, Sagawa, Makimoto, 2016). Mixers main objective is for identification of difference level and sum at the end of the communication. A mixer is divided into two types- the first one is named active mixers and the second one is named passive mixers. Signal strength can be increased by the use of active mixers that is further composed of active devices. On the other hand, passive mixers are designed with the help of passive devices such as diodes. Output, which is generated by passive mixers, is much lower when compared to the input signal. However, for active mixers the story is little bit different. Because of the nature of active mixers, they are able to gener ate more power. When comparing it is seen that active mixers are less tolerant to overload. Passive mixers are used several cases since they have wider bandwidth. This section will provide the answer to different types of mixers. Generally, there are different types of mixers available. Based on functionalities and user requirements, mixers can be classified into two types. The first type is known as single balanced mixer and the second type is known as double balanced mixer. Single balanced mixers- This mixer is a special type of mixture, which is able to handle any kind of radio frequency or noise. Single balanced mixture is able to manipulate the data when it passes between the LO and because of this it is able to eradicate the noise. Single balanced mixtures needs to provide isolation between RF and LO (Kimishima, 2009). Working of device mixers is based on connection of two single devices at ninety degree or at one eighty degree. Since the structure of single balanced mixer is simple, users are able to get a good grip of the structure at first glance. Simple structure helps to keep the linearity of signal in check and additionally isolation is generated in every port. Double balanced mixer- Double balanced mixer is a type of passive mixer device. Four-diode ring forms the central part of double balanced mixer. LO signal is rejected when the rings does not match up to a level. When compared to single balanced mixers it is seen that double balanced mixers have certain advantages. There is one major advantage for double balanced mixer which is it improves linearity in the system but it generates more noise when compared to the other type of mixer (Salameh, 2017). It generates more noise since it does not support cancellation. For double balanced mixers, output is in the form of differential and this allows for easy removal of non-linearity in the signal. Ring mixer and star mixer are examples of double balanced mixer. It is also seen that double balanced mixer suppresses both RF and LO but single balanced mixer does not do that. Advantages of using single balanced mixer is more but usage of double balanced mixer is more because of its isolation and l inearity properties. Air is the medium for wireless communication. There are no wires or cables required. Information gets transmitted form one point to the other via electromagnetic waves. Some of the advanced wireless technologies are Li-Fi, Bluetooth and ZigBee. This paragraph will mention some key points about those advanced technologies. Li-Fi uses visible light communication system and it claims to be much faster than the standard Wi-Fi (Karthika Balakrishnan, 2015). As simple as it may sound Li-Fi can use household LED bulbs for data transfer and speeds can be up to 224 Gigabytes per second. Since Li-Fi uses visible light communication systems, it means it include photo detector for receiving light signals. The light signals are then processed by a signal-processing element for conversion of data into another form for transmission. Zigbee communication is a product of Zigbee alliance. The system is specially built for sensor and control networks. It follows IEEE 802.15.4 standard. Data transfer r ates are slower than standard Wi-Fi however cost incurred for a Zigbee system is much less than a Wi-Fi. Zigbee consists of a mesh network and it is used for controlling and monitoring purposes (Gomaa et al., 2014). Bluetooth is a wireless technology, which is used by hand held digital devices for connecting with one another. Antenna are of various types but the dominant ones are horn antenna, parabolic reflector antenna, helical antenna, slot antenna, dielectric antenna, micro strip patch antenna, phased array antenna, dipole antenna and YAGI antenna. Horn antenna is used in satellite communication. It works efficiently with parabolic reflector as evident from dish antennas. Parabolic reflector antenna is coupled with horn antenna and used. It is made up of screen mesh or metal. The next portion will talk about some important points via a power point slide. References: Single balanced mixer vs double balanced mixer difference. (2018).Rfwireless-world.com. Retrieved 4 April 2018, from https://www.rfwireless-world.com/Terminology/single-balanced-mixer-vs-double-balanced-mixer-vs-triple-balanced-mixer.html Double Balanced Mixer | Theory; Circuit; Operation | Tutorial - Radio-Electronics.Com. (2018).Radio-electronics.com. Retrieved 5 April 2018, from https://www.radio-electronics.com/info/rf-technology-design/mixers/double-balanced-mixer-tutorial.php Torrieri, D. (2015).Principles of spread-spectrum communication systems. Springer. Naden, G., Reiser, D. (2015).U.S. Patent No. 9,225,383. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. What is frequency-hopping spread spectrum? - Definition from WhatIs.com. (2018).SearchNetworking. Retrieved 5 April 2018, from https://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/definition/frequency-hopping-spread-spectrum Wada, K., Sagawa, M., Makimoto, M. (2016).U.S. Patent No. 9,270,008. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Kimishima, M. (2009).U.S. Patent No. 7,577,416. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Salameh, D. (2017).U.S. Patent No. 9,780,728. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Karthika, R., Balakrishnan, S. (2015). Wireless communication using Li-Fi technology.SSRG International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (SSRG-IJECE),2(3), 32-40. Gomaa, R. I., Shohdy, I. A., Sharshar, K. A., Al-Kabbani, A. S., Ragai, H. F. (2014). Real-time radiological monitoring of nuclear facilities using ZigBee technology.IEEE Sensors Journal,14(11), 4007-4013.